RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory system consists of: The nose The nose The larynx The larynx The trachea The trachea The bronchi The bronchi The lungs The lungs

The functions of the nose are: 1) Respiration 2) Olfaction 3) Air filtration from dust 4) Humidification of inspired air 5) Reception of secretions from the paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal ducts. 1) Respiration 2) Olfaction 3) Air filtration from dust 4) Humidification of inspired air 5) Reception of secretions from the paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal ducts.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The external nose - the root (radix nasi) - the apex (apex nasi) - 2 lateral walls - the wings of the nose (alae nasi) - the back of the nose (dorsum nasi) - 2 nostrils (nares). - the root (radix nasi) - the apex (apex nasi) - 2 lateral walls - the wings of the nose (alae nasi) - the back of the nose (dorsum nasi) - 2 nostrils (nares).

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The nasal cavity has 2 functional regions: 1.Olfactory region ( controls the inspired air) 1.Olfactory region ( controls the inspired air) 2.Respiratory region (it warms, moistens and cleans inspired air) 2.Respiratory region (it warms, moistens and cleans inspired air)

Paranasal sinuses: The sphenoidal sinuses The sphenoidal sinuses The maxillary sinuses The maxillary sinuses The frontal sinuses The frontal sinuses The ethmoidal air cells (anterior, middle and posterior). The ethmoidal air cells (anterior, middle and posterior).

Cartilages of the larynx Unpaired cartilages: -1.The epiglottis cartilage -2.The thyroid cartilage -3.The cricoid cartilage Paired cartilages: - 1.The arytinoid cartilages - 2.The corniculate cartilages - 3.The cuneiform cartilages

Muscels of the larynx Constrictors: - 1.Lateral cricoarytinoid muscle - 2.Thyroarytinoid muscle - 3.Transverse arytenoid muscle - 4.Oblique arytenoid muscle - 5.Aryepiglottic muscle Dilators: - 1.Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle - 2.Thyroepiglottic muscle Muscles which stretch the vocal ligament: - 1.Cricothyroid muscle - 2.Vocal muscle

The laryngeal cavity ( 3 parts) 1. the upper part – vestibule of the larynx 1. the upper part – vestibule of the larynx 2. the middle part – glottis part 2. the middle part – glottis part 3. the lower part – infraglottic cavity 3. the lower part – infraglottic cavity

Each lung has: 3 surfaces: diaphragmatic, costal, medial (mediastinal and vertebral). 3 surfaces: diaphragmatic, costal, medial (mediastinal and vertebral). 2 margins: anterior and inferior. 2 margins: anterior and inferior.

Root of the lung: Principal bronchi, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, nerves and lymphatic vessels The root of the right lungs BRONCHUSARTERYVEINS The root of the left lungs The root of the left lungsARTERYBRONCHUS1VEINS

Right lung: 2 fissure- oblique and horizontal; 2 fissure- oblique and horizontal; 3 lobes – upper lobe ( 3 segmetns), lower lobe (5 segments), middle lobe (2 segments). 3 lobes – upper lobe ( 3 segmetns), lower lobe (5 segments), middle lobe (2 segments). LEFT LUNG: LEFT LUNG: 1 fissure – oblique; 2 lobes – upper lobe ( 5 segments), lower lobe ( 5 segments). 1 fissure – oblique; 2 lobes – upper lobe ( 5 segments), lower lobe ( 5 segments).

ACINUS FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL UNIT OF THE LUNGS - The respiratori bronchioli of the third order - Alveolar ducts - Alveolar saccules

Pleura is serous tissue which covers thoracic walls and lungs. The visceral pleura covers lungs and parietal pleura covers thoracic walls. The visceral pleura covers lungs and parietal pleura covers thoracic walls. The space between parietal and visceral pleura is called the pleural cavity. The space between parietal and visceral pleura is called the pleural cavity. The parietal pleura is subdivided into the costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinum pleurae. The parietal pleura is subdivided into the costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinum pleurae.

The pleura Pleural cavity is between parietal and visceral pleura. Pleural cavity is between parietal and visceral pleura. 2 recesses – costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinum 2 recesses – costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinum The pleura plays a most important role in processes of transudation (excretion) and resorption (absorption). The pleura plays a most important role in processes of transudation (excretion) and resorption (absorption).

MEDIASTINUM is space located between two pleural sacs: Anterior mediastinum: heart, pericardium, Anterior mediastinum: heart, pericardium, thymus, ascending aorta, aortic arch, superior vena cava, trachea, phrenic nerves, lymph nodes. thymus, ascending aorta, aortic arch, superior vena cava, trachea, phrenic nerves, lymph nodes. Posterior mediastinum: oesophagus, thoracic aorta, inferior vena cava, thoracic lymphatic duct, v. azygos, v.hemiazygos, sympathetic trunks, vagus nerves. Posterior mediastinum: oesophagus, thoracic aorta, inferior vena cava, thoracic lymphatic duct, v. azygos, v.hemiazygos, sympathetic trunks, vagus nerves.

MEDIASTINUM

MEDIASTINUM

The boundaries of the lung and pleural sacs

THE END Thank you for your attention