Grammatical Category

Number 1.The boy is playing. 2.The boys are playing.

Number Number has two values: singular: indicates one only plural: indicates two or more

WORD TYPE NUMBER SINGULARPLURAL NOUNBOYBOYS PRONOUNIWE

Case subjective (pronouns only): when the word is the subject objective (pronouns only): when the word is the object possessive (pronouns and nouns): when the word indicates possession (owner

WORD TYPE CASE SUBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEPOSSESSIVE PRONOUNIMEMINE NOUNBOYS

Gender masculine: indicates male feminine: indicates female neuter: indicates everything else

word type gender masculinefeminineneuter pronounhe/him/hi s she/her/he rs it/its

Person first person: refers to the speaker second person: refers to the hearer third person: refers to all other people or things

word type person 1st2nd3rd pronounI/me we/us youhe/him, she/her, it they

past: indicates before now present: indicates now (and sometimes before and after now)

Tense word type tense pastpresent verbwas did had worked ran am do have work run

Aspect simple: the time has no structure continuous: expresses ongoing action perfect: expresses completed action

word type aspect simplecontinuousperfect verbthey workthey are working they have worked

Mood indicative: expresses simple statement of fact imperative: expresses command subjunctive: expresses something desired or imagined

word type mood indicativeimperativesubjunctive verbJames stood up. Stand up!We insist that he stand. Is it quiet enough? Be quiet!It is essential that you be quiet

Voice active: the subject does the action passive: the subject receives the action

word type voice activepassive transitive verb The cat ate the mouse. The mouse was eaten by the cat.

Degree positive: indicates a basic quality comparative: indicates a greater quality superlative: indicates the maximum quality

word type degree positive comparativ esuperlative gradable adjective happyhappierthe happiest gradable adverb carefullymore carefully the most carefully

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