Оборотный капитал ABC & VED анализ Дьяконов Дмитрий.

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Оборотный капитал ABC & VED анализ Дьяконов Дмитрий

Содержание Определение Структура Воздействующие факторы Цели Управление запасами ABC VED Заключение

Определение и структура Оборотным капиталом является значение разности всех существующих активов и всех существующих обязательств

Определение и структура Типы: 1. Валовый о.к. & Чистый о.к. 2. Постоянный о.к. & Временный о.к. 3. Положительный о.к. & Отрицательный о.к.

Определение и структура Метод подсчета 1. Традиционный метод Выводимые и выводимые средства Упор делается на ликвидность и ее показатели 2. Метод операционного цикла Он учитывает производство и другие операции Упор делается на прибыль и ликвидность

Факторы, воздействующие на структуру и требования к оборотному капиталу 1. Природа бизнеса 2. Цикл производства 3. Процесс производства 4. Факторы внешней среды 5. Сезонные факторы 6. Объем производства 7. Требования к запасам 8. Кредитные требования 9. Доступность кредита И многие другие факторы

Цели Управление запасами Управление денежными средствами Управления дебиторской и кредиторской задолженностью

Цели 1. Стимулирование продаж, благодаря грамотному управлению дебиторской и кредиторской задолженностью и хранения товара 2. Уменьшение затрат на продукты 3. Обеспечить надежность и относительную низкую стоимость потоков финансирования 4. Достигнуть 3 вышеперечисленных цели, при этом не сократив свободные денежные средства до опасного значения

Управление запасами Цели- 1. Для организации постоянного предложения и бесперебойного производства 2. Уменьшение затрат и потерь 3. Внедрение инновационных научных решений в управлении запасов 4. Уменьшение затраты на хранение и окончательную стоимость продукта 5. Уменьшение отклонений бухгалтерских и фактических остатков запасов

Инструменты управления запасами 1. Фиксирование уровней- Максимальный ур. Минимальный ур. Уровень повтор. заказа Опасный уровень 2. Фиксирование EOQ- 2AO÷C 3. ABC анализ 4. VED анализ 5. FSN /FNSD анализ 6. Постоянна информационная система 7. Показатели оборота запаса 8. JIT анализ

ABC анализ ABC анализ заключается в классификации наших запасов на предприятии Always Best Control

ABC анализ The origin of ABC analysis is PARETOS 80 – 20 rule. This rule says that 80 % of countrys economy is controlled by 20% of the people. If we apply this rule to verify its correctness, the results say that it is correct. Example: List out all the expenses we do over a period of time and arrange them in the order from highest to lowest. Find the total of expenses and workout percentage of each with respect to the total. We see that only 20 % of items consume 80% of our expenses.

ШАГИ ABC анализ The steps in computing ABC analysis are: a Determine the annual usage in units for each item for the past one-year. b. Multiply the annual usage quantity with the average unit price of each item to calculate the annual usage in US$ for each item. c. Item with highest dollar usage annually is ranked first. Then the next lower annual usage item is listed till the lowest item is listed in the last. d. Table 1 shows ranks of the items according to the annual usage in US$. for 10 items. e. Arrange the items in the inventory by cumulative annual usage (dollars) and by cumulative percentage. Categorize the items in A, B, and C categories.

14 TABLE 1: DETERMINATION OF RANKS BY ANNUAL USAGE IN US$ Item # Average usage (units) Unit cost (US$) Annual usage (US$) Rank

15 TABLE 1: DETERMINATION OF RANKS BY ANNUAL USAGE IN US$ Item # Average usage (units) Unit cost (US$) Annual usage (US$) Rank

16 TABLE 1: DETERMINATION OF RANKS BY ANNUAL USAGE IN US$ Item # Average usage (units) Unit cost (US$) Annual usage (US$) Rank

17 TABLE 2:CATEGORIZING THE ITEMS IN ABC RANKING Item # Annual usage (US$) Cumulative annual usage (US$) Annual usage % Category assigned Total8500

18 TABLE 2:CATEGORIZING THE ITEMS IN ABC RANKING Item # Annual usage (US$) Cumulative annual usage (US$) Annual usage % Category assigned Total8500

19 TABLE 2:CATEGORIZING THE ITEMS IN ABC RANKING Item # Annual usage (US$) Cumulative annual usage (US$) Annual usage % Category assigned A B B C C C C C C C Total8500

20 TABLE 3: ABC CATEGORY - SUMMARY categoryItem#% of items in inventory $ in the category % $ in the category A B2, C1, 3, 4,5,8,9, Total

VED анализ In addition to the intrinsic or market value of materials, which is invested in the materials, there is sometimes a nuisance value to the materials. In ABC analysis, we have seen that annual consumption value; quantity of materials consumed and unit cost plays a vital role. This is to say that ABC analysis deals with the annual consumption value of the item due to their presence and not any other aspect such as the criticality of the material or the nuisance value.

VED анализ The nuisance Value is the cost associated with materials due to their absence. Some of the materials are important by their absence. In case they are not available, the whole production system may come to standstill and involve high cost of loss of production. The investment in these materials may be small but for non – availability of the item the costs or losses the company going to involve will be very high. These are critical items, which are required in adequate quantity.

VED анализ The materials may be classified depending upon their criticality that is on functional basis. The degree of criticality can be stated as whether the material is vital to the process of production, or essential to the process of production or desirable for the process of production. This classification is known as VED analysis, V stands for vital, E stands for essential and D stands for desirable items.

VED анализ The materials may be classified depending upon their criticality that is on functional basis. The degree of criticality can be stated as whether the material is vital to the process of production, or essential to the process of production or desirable for the process of production. This classification is known as VED analysis, V stands for vital, E stands for essential and D stands for desirable items.

VED AAVAEAD BBVBEBD CCVCECD ABC & VED анализ

Заключение После проведения этих 2 анализов становится понятно, каким именно образом нужно расставить приоритеты по разным товарам и запасам в вопросе общего количества остатка на складе, конкретного местоположения на складе, а также способе хранения. Данные 2 анализа проводятся в обязательном порядке на ранней стадии загрузки склада, а также периодически, для проверки рациональности соотношений и показателей.

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