Equivalence in Translation Levels of Translation

Degrees of Semantic Similarity Level I. The Purport of Communication (What is it said for?) (1) Maybe there is some chemistry between us that doesnt mix. Бывает, что люди не сходятся характерами. (2) Apples and oranges. (3) A penny has dropped.

Degrees of Semantic Similarity Level II. The Indication of the Situation (What is the original message about?) (1) He answered the telephone. Он снял трубку. (2) By and by they were drawn out of the current. Берег мало помалу приближался. (3) It was late in the day.

Degrees of Semantic Similarity Level III. The Method of Describing the Situation. (What is said in the original?) (1) Scrubbing makes me bad-tempered. Мое настроение портится от мытья полов. (2) London saw a cold winter last year. (3) You are not serious?

Degrees of Semantic Similarity Level IV. The Invariant Meaning of the Syntactic Structures. (How-is-it-said in the original?) (1) He was never tired of old songs. Старые песни ему никогда не надоедали. (2) I dont see that I need to convince you. (3) He was standing with his arms crossed and his bare head bent.

Degrees of Semantic Similarity Level V. The Level of Word Semantics. (1) I saw him at the theatre. Я видел его в театре. (2) Best defence is attack. Лучшая защита - нападение. (3) The house was sold for 10 thousand dollars. Дом был продан за десять тысяч долларов.

Aspects of Translating Process Translation Models: 1) Situational (denotative); 2) Semantic-transformational (E.Nida). NB: The translator actually makes a mental travel from the original (ST) to some interlingual level of equivalence and then - to the TT.

Situational (denotative) model: 1) the translator gets beyond the ST to the situation described; 2) the translator describes the situation in the TL: ST - extralinguistic situation - TT Ex.: Manson walked quickly down the platform, searching eagerly for some signs of welcome.

Semantic-transformational model 3 stages (table): 1. Transformations within ST; 2. Translation proper - nuclear structures are translated; 3. Synthesis: nuclear structures are developed into the terminal structures in the text of translation. Ex.: It is very strange this domination of our intellect by our digestive organs.

The translators mental actions (1) … domination - of our intellect - by our digestive organs:...organs dominate...they dominate intellect (2) …органы властвуют …они властвуют над рассудком

The Resultative Translation (3) Странно, до какой степени пищеварительные органы властвуют над нашим рассудком.

Translation of Semantic Units 1) John is a proud owner of a new car. … John has a new car … he is proud because of that NB: Semantic model postulates the existence of deep semantic categories common to SL and TL This model may be classified as structural John is a poor sleeper.(Verb-adverb phrase)

Different Types of Operations Performed by the Translator 1. Imitation of the form of the word or collocation a) translational transcription битник, импичмент, файл; b) blueprint collocation in TT (loan translation): люди доброй воли (people of good will), мозговой трест (brain trust). 2. All types of lexical transformations involving certain semantic changes. To be continued

Discuss Lexical Transformations My mother had left her chair in her agitation and got behind it in the corner. Взволнованная матушка вскочила со своего кресла и забилась в угол позади него. I packed my two Gladstones. Я упаковал свои два чемодана. It wont cost you a thing. a) Это тебе не будет стоить ни гроша. b) Это тебе ничего не будет стоить.

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