State Customs Committee of Russian Federation Customs control of ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap Chief of Customs control of fissionable and radioactive materials of SCC of RF N. Kravchenko Directorate of Special Technique and Automation of Customs Technologies 11/5, Novozavodskaya str., Moscow, , Russia Tel.: +7 (095) Fax.: +7 (095)

The threat of ITRM at the border can be minimized by the implementation of two tasks: –To stop the illicit trafficking of fissionable and radioactive materials across the Russian Federation border; –To organize thorough check at Customs clearance of fissionable and radioactive materials of the participants of foreign trade activities (export, import, transit, temporary import) for their identification by name and quantity declared in the documents.

The following conceptual principles are used as well for solving these tasks: 1. Radiation monitoring of all individuals, goods, and vehicles crossing the Russian Federation customs border; 2. Priority of radiation safety activities over legal activities aiming to institute criminal proceedings against law transgressors; 3. Effective control not deteriorating conditions for the participants of foreign trade activities; 4. Minimization of additional personnel and funds allocation; 5. Utilization mostly of national technical facilities.

Stages of radiation Customs control

The technical facilities can be listed as follows: Detection: 1. Stationary remote automatic equipment for detection of the excess in natural gamma-neutron background; 2. Portable universal radiometers of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and neutron radiation; Analysis: 3. Potable gamma-spectrometers for identification of fissionable and radioactive materials without opening the package; 4. Gamma-spectrometers with high-resolution semiconductor detectors for movable customs laboratories; Personal: 5. Personal dosimeters to provide safety of the personnel; 6. Personal protection means.

Algorithm of radiation monitoring at unauthorized transportation of FRM Site of temporary storage Inspection area I stage Detection II stage Evaluation of radiation danger III stage Localization, identification Automated monitoring (stationary equipment) Inspected by: officer of the checkpoint «NO» «YES» Inspection of goods with portable instruments (radiometers, personal dose monitoring of the personnel) Inspected by: officer of the checkpoint Composition analysis (spectrometric equipment) Inspected by: officer of the CCFRM service; expert of special organization ENTRANCE Presence of radioactive (r/a) radiation Transfer of goods to competent bodies EXIT Customs formalities Checking of the taken measures for temporary storage of goods Localization and identification (composition, enrichment) Determination of the type of radiation and the extent of radiation danger

The development of these typical algorithms allows one to determine: 1. General stages and features of radiation control organization for further development of normative-methodic documents regulating these activities; 2. The effective structure of special service; 3. The efficiency of customs personnel at different stages of radiation control; 4. Problems requiring cooperation with national competent bodies.

Approach of implementation TF DR NRM

Stationary technical facilities for detection and response to illegal trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials implemented at borders Typical national check post and possible places of stationary TF DR NRM arrangement. Stationary TF DR NRM are arranged at entrance/exit of check post. Transport monitor Pedestrian monitor

Examples of placement TF DR NRM Example of placement of pedestrian TF DR NRM.

Fixed, installed instruments Hand-held and pocket-type instruments

Response to Alarm Activation Ответные меры при срабатывании системы обнаружения Alarm (pager, border monitor, intelligence) Сигнал (пейджер, пограничный монитор, данные из отдела дознания) Verification Проверка False Alarm Ложное срабатывание Assess Hazard & Locate Source Оценка угрозы и локализация источника Dangerous Опасный Activate Emergency Response Plan Приведение в исполнение плана ответных мер Notification Procedures Меры уведомления Isolate Source Изоляция источника Confirmed or Suspected Подтверждено или предполагается Safety Procedures Меры безопасности No Danger Отсутствие опасности Identify Source Record Details Запись особенностей Innocent Source Активность менее МЗА Stop Окончание процедуры Seize Materials Задержание источника In-depth investigation Углубленное обследование Investigation Report Доклад о проведении обследования Legal Process Проведение уголовного дознания Illicit Source Незаконно перевозимый источник No Отрицательный результат Multi-purpose hand-held devices Универсальные ручные приборы

MKC-A02-1M, All-in-one Design (Aspect) 4 modes of operation: –n/g search mode –n/g dose rate indication –Gamma spectrometry- isotope identification –Alpha/beta counting (external detection probe) Normal (4 buttons) and expert mode of operation Detectors: NaI, He-3 (8 at) and external, thin wall, large area ZnS covered plastic szintillator

Detection illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and goods with` a high level of radioactivity (including scrap) With radiation equipments other

Prevention of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and goods with` a high level of radioactivity (including scrap) Export from RUSSIA 21,3% Import to RUSSIA and transit 78,7%

1. IAEA-TECDOC-1311 Prevention of the inadvertent movement and illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. 2. IAEA-TECDOC-1312 Detection of radioactive materials at borders. 3. IAEA-TECDOC-1313 Response to events involving the inadvertent movement or illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. 4. The sanitary demands of Russian Ministry of Health.

SCRAP (Tariff classification code: 7204, 7404, 7503, 7602 e.c.t.) Customs control of cargo documents Customs control of cargo documents Customs examination with special radiation equipment Main tasks: -To find out local radioactive sources; - To measure dose rate; -Selected measurement of the levels of surface contamination by alpha and beta radionuclide. Main tasks: -To find out local radioactive sources; - To measure dose rate; -Selected measurement of the levels of surface contamination by alpha and beta radionuclide. - Sanitary certificate - Transport documents - Sanitary certificate - Transport documents - and Date of issue of document; - Full name of organization – recipient; - weight and kind of scrap; - Number of transport units, identification ; - Full name of Laboratory of Radiation Control provided measuring; - of radiation protocols and dose rate; - Conations of using of scrap. - CRITERION: Dose rate natural background + 0,2 µSv/h. All documents are present Scrap meets sanitary demands All documents are present Scrap meets sanitary demands ISSUE OF SCRAP Prohibition of issue Sanitary certificate is absent and (or) dose rate is not correspond to criterion The stages of scrap Customs control