Law on organized crime in America Prepared by: Group: Checked by: - презентация

1 law on organized crime in America Prepared by: Group: Checked by:

2 Characteristics of Crime Social HarmSocial Harm DevianceDeviance Criminal IntentCriminal Intent –Mens rea –Mala prohibita –Strict liability –Excuses –Justifications

3 Juvenile Delinquency Adjudicated delinquentAdjudicated delinquent Criminal behaviorCriminal behavior Status offenseStatus offense AdjudicationAdjudication –Filing –Results –In re Gualt Annual ReportAnnual Report

4 Strategies of Criminal Justice Research ComparativeComparative HistoricalHistorical BiographicalBiographical PatternsPatterns –Criminal history –Cohorts study Surveys Experiments Observations Mathematical models Integrated models

5 Classical Criminology The age of enlightenmentThe age of enlightenment Cesare Beccaria( )Cesare Beccaria( ) Essay on crime and punishmentEssay on crime and punishment Rational thoughtRational thought ConsequencesConsequences Free Will Harm to Society Role of Judges Deterrence

6 Cartography Maps and chartsMaps and charts Crime dataCrime data Emile Durkheim ( )Emile Durkheim ( ) Initial applications Initial conclusions

7 Official Crime Reporting Crime ratesCrime rates –Prevalence –Incidence Police responsePolice response –Proactive –Reactive –Clearance Non-reporting –Recording practices –Political atmosphere –Policy implications

8 Types of Crime ConventionalConventional White CollarWhite Collar OrganizedOrganized Victimless Crimes against the person Crimes against property

9 Specific Crimes MurderMurder Forcible rapeForcible rape RobberyRobbery AssaultAssault BurglaryBurglary Larceny-theftLarceny-theft Motor vehicle theftMotor vehicle theft ArsonArson Fraud Vandalism Organized crime White collar crime Victimless crime –Drug use –Gambling –Prostitution

10 Fear of Crime Economic responseEconomic response Social responseSocial response

11 Early Scientific Contributions PhysiognomiesPhysiognomiesPhrenologists

12 Response to Lombroso Charles GoringCharles Goring –The English Convict –Methodology –Conclusion Earnest Hooton –American Anthropologist –Influences –Organic status –Conclusion

13 Father of Criminology Father of Criminology Ceasare LombrosoCeasare Lombroso AtavismAtavism –Born criminal –Out of time –Physical characteristics

14 Somatotyes William SheldonWilliam Sheldon –Integrated theory –Biological & Psychological EndomorphsEndomorphs EctomorphsEctomorphs MesomorphsMesomorphs –Juvenile application

15 Biological Research on Crime Variables of vulnerabilitiesVariables of vulnerabilities Twin studiesTwin studies –Identical –Fraternal –Concordance rate Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture

16 Additional Biological Theories XYY ChromosomeXYY Chromosome –Super-male Gender distinctionsGender distinctions –Cultural influences Premenstrual syndromePremenstrual syndrome –AggressionViolence –The chicken or the egg ? Biochemical factorsBiochemical factors Learning disabilitiesLearning disabilities –ADHD

17 Contemporary Applications of Biological Theories Volumes of researchVolumes of research Political applicationPolitical application Social challengesSocial challenges Environmental influencesEnvironmental influences General applicationGeneral application

18 Psychological Explanation of Crime Intelligence and CrimeIntelligence and Crime –Standardize testing –Comparative analysis –Intelligence and class structure –Policy and social implications

19 Personality and Crime Criminal personalityCriminal personality TypologyTypology Thought patternsThought patterns Situational responseSituational response Clinical applicationClinical application

20 Self-Discipline & Crime Social controlsSocial controls Self-controlSelf-control Instigation to aggressionInstigation to aggression Contextual effectContextual effect Simplistic psychosociallySimplistic psychosocially ConsequencesConsequences

21 Specific Criminal Personalities Homicidal ChildrenHomicidal Children –Typology –Influences RapistsRapists –Exploitative –Compensatory –Displace anger –Sadistic

22 Personality Inventories MMPIMMPI Psychopathic deviate scalePsychopathic deviate scale Schizophrenia scaleSchizophrenia scale Hypomania scaleHypomania scale Justice Model scaleJustice Model scale

23 Specific Mental Disorders Antisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder –Conduct Disorder –Typology –Clinical application Schizophrenia –Mood Disorder –Propensity for crime –De- institutionaliza- tion

24 Psychology & Criminal Law Insanity StandardInsanity Standard –MNaughten –Brawner Rule –Substantial Capacity Test –Insanity Defense Reform Act –Guilty But Mentally ill

25 Free Enterprise White Collar CrimeWhite Collar Crime Situational EntrepreneurSituational Entrepreneur Pursuit of profitPursuit of profit CompetitionCompetition Comparative analysisComparative analysis –Capitalistic –Socialist

26 Organized Crime Contraband moralityContraband morality ProhibitionProhibition –Volstead Act –Wickersham commission GamblingGambling Loan sharkingLoan sharking Illegal drugsIllegal drugs Bankruptcy and stock fraudBankruptcy and stock fraud Disposal of toxic wasteDisposal of toxic waste ExtortionExtortion Dark EconomyDark Economy