English Grammar

Examples: You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. I had (not) (hadnt) Past Participle You He / She / It We / You / They HadyouP. Parti?

by 6 oclock yesterday – вчера к 6 часам by 9 a.m. yesterday – вчера к 9 утра before he came – до того, как он пришёл by that time – к тому времени after - после того, как by the end of the year – к концу года, etc.

Глагол в форме Past Perfect выражает действие, которое завершилось до определенного момента или другого действия в прошлом. They had finished the work by 6 o'clock yesterday. Они закончили работу вчера к 6 часам. Mary had got asleep before her mother came home. Мэри уснула прежде, чем её мама пришла домой. Past Perfect образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола had и III формы основного глагола. Shad V3V3V3V3

Обратите внимание! Past Perfect употребляется для выражения предшествования. Если описываются действия, которые следовали друг за другом, употребляется Past Simple. Сравните: She did some shopping, came home and cooked dinner. Она сделала покупки, пришла домой и приготовила ужин. Before she cooked dinner, she had done some shopping. Прежде чем она приготовила ужин, она сделала покупки.

(+) He had read the book, before he saw the film. (?)Had he read the book before he saw the film? (-) He hadnt read the book, before he saw the film. + ? - S had + V 3. Had S + V 3 ? S had not + V 3.

Shad V3V3V3V3 Sam had painted the picture by 7 oclock yesterday. Sam

Roman had cooked dinner by 6 oclock yesterday. Roman

Take off Arrive Mrs. Evans The plane had taken off before Mrs. Evans arrived to the airport.

Sally Fall asleep Sally had fallen asleep before her father came home.

The students had made cakes by 9 p.m.

1. When the accident ……. (happen) that lorry was driving like a lunatic. I …… (never see) a lorry travelling so fast! 2. We …… (miss) the beginning of the play because it ….. (already start) when we arrived. 3. I …… (not recognise) my old teacher because we.....(not see) each other for 15 years. 4. When I ……(arrive) at her house I found she ……. (go out) so nobody was there. 5. My brother ……. (eat) all the cake before we …….. (get) home. 6. I ……. (understand) the film because I ……. (read) the book before. 7. Before she …… (buy) the flat she …… (look around) it several times. 8. I …… (not have) my book because I……. (lose) it the day before. 9. I ……. (study) English for two years before I …… (move) to N.Y. 10. She ……. (never see) a bear before she …... (move) to Alaska.

1.When the accident happened that lorry was driving like a lunatic. I had never seen a lorry travelling so fast! 2. We missed the beginning of the play because it had already started when we arrived. 3. I didnt recognise my old teacher because we had not seen each other for 15 years. 4. When I arrived at her house I found she had gone out so nobody was there. 5. My brother had eaten all the cake before we got home. 6. I understood the film because I had read the book before. 7. Before she bought the flat she had looked around it several times. 8. I did not have my book because I had lost it the day before. 9. I had studied English for two years before I moved to N.Y. 10. She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.