The Gerund is a non- finite form of the verb which has noun and verb characteristics.

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The Gerund is a non- finite form of the verb which has noun and verb characteristics.

f.E reading listening preparing

The verb characteristics of the gerund are as follows: a) the gerund of transitive verbs takes a direct object; b) the gerund can be modified by an adverb; c) the gerund has Perfect and Non- perfect forms and the forms of the Passive Voice ( if the corresponding verb is used in the Passive Voice).

Герундій має такі дієслівні властивості: а) Герундій перехідних дієслів вживається з прямим додатком: I like reading books. Я люблю читати книжки. She began preparing food. Вона почала готувати їжу.

б) Герундій може мати означення, виражене прислівником: The continued listening attentively. Вони продовжували уважно слухати.

в) Герундій має неозначену й перфектну форми, вживається в активному і пасивному стані. За формою герундій збігається з відповідними формами Present Participle.

Active Passive Simple writing being written Perfect having having written been written

The Perfect Gerund expresses an action prior to that denoted by the finite verb.

Перфектна форма герундія виражає дію, що передує дії, вираженій дієсловом- присудком речення. f.E Thank you for having helped me. Спасибі, що допомогли мені.

The Indefinite Gerund is used: a) if the action expresses by the gerund is simultaneous with that expressed by the finite verb; b) if the action expressed by the gerund does not refer to any particular time.

a)He sat without turning his head. She is interested in collecting stamps.

b) Seeing is believing.

After the verbs to intend, to suggest, to insist, etc. the Indefinite Gerund expresses an action which is future with regard to that denoted by the finite verb.

c) He had intended writing him. Він мав намір написати йому. He insisted on telling her hoe it happened. Він наполягав на тому, щоб розказати їй, як це сталося.

After the verbs to thank, to forget, to remember, to excuse etc. and after the prepositions on and after the Indefinite Gerund expresses an action prior to that denoted by the finite verb.

Thank you for helping me. Спасибі, що допомогли мені. I don't remember seeing either of them. Я не памятаю, щоб я бачив кого-небудь з них. On receiving the telegram we went to the station. Одержавши телеграму, ми поїхали на вокзал.

The Gerund is used in the Active Voice if the noun or pronoun it refers to denotes the subject of the action expressed by the gerund.

Mary could not help laughing. Мері не могла не засміятися.

The gerund is used in the Passive Voice if the noun or pronoun it refers to is an object of the action expressed by the gerund.

But he has no right to come without being invited. Але він не має права прийти, якщо його не запросили.

The noun characteristics of the gerund are as follows: a) the gerund can be used in the sentence as subject, predicative and object; b) the gerund can be preceded by a preposition which refers to it; c) the gerund can be modified by a possessive pronoun and by a noun in the Possessive Case.

Іменникові властивості герундія Підмета. Предикатива. Додатка (прямого і прийменникового) Перед герундієм може вживатися прийменник, що відноситься до нього. Перед герундієм може вживатися присвійний займенник або іменник у присвійному відмінку.

Smoking is harmful. His hobby is collecting stamps. He likes talking to me. She is fond of painting. Nobody thought of going to bed. Don't fear my forgetting her.